Explore how Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) shape global environmental governance through international cooperation, treaty-making, and collective action on climate change, biodiversity conservation, pollution, and sustainable land management.
Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) are international agreements that address global environmental challenges such as climate change, loss of biodiversity, and pollution (UNEP, 2023 (opens in a new window)). The current era of environmental governance and diplomacy began after the Stockholm conference in 1972. One of the key outputs of the conference was the establishment of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). UNEP is widely considered a leading authority on environmental diplomacy and currently provides secretariat functions to 8 global and 7 regional MEAs (UNEP, n.d. (opens in a new window)). Today, more than 500 MEAs exist, including protocols, treaties, conventions, and other similar agreements (UNEP 2024).
MEAs serve as critical instruments for aligning international action and advancing shared environmental priorities. Explore how global environmental agreements shape collective responses to today's environmental challenges.
Explore more guides, toolkits, and research from across the Knowledge Hub.
See our Knowledge Hub
CPI's fourth edition of Landscape of Green Finance in India maps finance flows across sources, instruments, sectors, and subsectors for FY2022-23 and FY2023-24. These findings communicate the scale of growth, who is financing it, and where the finance is flowing.
Adaptation is becoming central to India’s climate and development planning. This report examines evolving climate risks, national and state-level policies, adaptation finance requirements, and opportunities to scale financing and strengthen climate resilience across India.
India generates 62 million tonnes of urban waste a year and treats a fifth of it. A repairability index is on the table — the case for pairing it with one for recyclability.